Pd-induced ordering of 2D Pt nanoarrays on phosphonated calix[4]arenes stabilised graphenes.

p-Phosphonic acid calix[4]arenes render high stability to exfoliated graphenes in water. These calix[4]arenes modified graphenes can be used as highly effective substrates to nucleate ultra-small Pd nanoparticles, which in turn serve as galvanic reaction templates for the generation of high density 2D arrays of Pt nanoparticles. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2011