BACKGROUND: The relation between income inequality and mortality in Canada is unclear, and modifying effects of characteristics such as immigration have not been examined. METHODS: Using a cohort of 2 million Canadians followed for mortality from 1991-2001, we calculated HRs and 95% CIs for income inequality of 140 urban areas (Gini coefficient, Atkinson index, coefficient of variation; expressed as continuous variables) and working age (25-64 y) or post-working age (≥65 y) mortality in men and women according to immigration status, accounting for individual and neighbourhood income, and sociodemographic characteristics. Major causes of mortality were examined. RESULTS: Relative to low income inequality, high inequality was associated with greater working age mortality in male (HR(Gini) 1.08, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.13) and female (HR(Gini) 1.12, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.18) non-immigrants for all income inequality indictors. Results were similar for female post-working age mortality. There was no relation between income inequality and mortality in immigrants. Among Canadian-born individuals, associations were greater for alcohol-related mortality (both sexes) and smoking-related causes/transport injuries (women). CONCLUSION: Income inequality is associated with mortality in Canadian-born individuals but not immigrants.
BACKGROUND: The relation between income inequality and mortality in Canada is unclear, and modifying effects of characteristics such as immigration have not been examined. METHODS: Using a cohort of 2 million Canadians followed for mortality from 1991-2001, we calculated HRs and 95% CIs for income inequality of 140 urban areas (Gini coefficient, Atkinson index, coefficient of variation; expressed as continuous variables) and working age (25-64 y) or post-working age (≥65 y) mortality in men and women according to immigration status, accounting for individual and neighbourhood income, and sociodemographic characteristics. Major causes of mortality were examined. RESULTS: Relative to low income inequality, high inequality was associated with greater working age mortality in male (HR(Gini) 1.08, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.13) and female (HR(Gini) 1.12, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.18) non-immigrants for all income inequality indictors. Results were similar for female post-working age mortality. There was no relation between income inequality and mortality in immigrants. Among Canadian-born individuals, associations were greater for alcohol-related mortality (both sexes) and smoking-related causes/transport injuries (women). CONCLUSION: Income inequality is associated with mortality in Canadian-born individuals but not immigrants.
Authors: Arjumand Siddiqi; India J Ornelas; Kelly Quinn; Dan Zuberi; Quynh C Nguyen Journal: J Public Health Policy Date: 2013-02-28 Impact factor: 2.222
Authors: Adriana Oliva-Arocas; Pamela Pereyra-Zamora; José M Copete; Carlos Vergara-Hernández; Miguel A Martínez-Beneito; Andreu Nolasco Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2020-06-29 Impact factor: 3.390
Authors: Anam M Khan; Marcelo Urquia; Kathy Kornas; David Henry; Stephanie Y Cheng; Catherine Bornbaum; Laura C Rosella Journal: J Epidemiol Community Health Date: 2017-03-13 Impact factor: 3.710