BACKGROUND: Chronic prostatic inflammation could be a central mechanism in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) progression. Currently, the histological examination of prostate biopsies remains the only way to diagnose prostatic inflammation. Our objective was to find new noninvasive biomarkers for the diagnosis of prostatic inflammation. METHODS: Ninety BPH samples were investigated in two steps. First, a hypothesis was generated using a profiling procedure with a panel of 96 genes on an initial set of 30 samples. Then, the candidate biomarkers were validated on a large number of samples (n = 90). Gene expression was compared with the histological prostatic inflammation score based on the density and the confluence of lymphoid nodules. Finally, protein transcripts of the candidate biomarkers were investigated in urine samples and compared with clinical data. RESULTS: Of the 96 genes, nine were significantly correlated with the inflammation score on the initial set of patients. Four of them were validated on the complete set of patients: CCR7, CD40LG, CTLA4, and ICOS. ICOS and CTLA4 protein levels were readily measured in urine samples using a conventional ELISA procedure. High-ICOS expression in urine was associated with a higher post-void residual and a lower maximum urinary flow rate. CONCLUSIONS: Four genes were significantly upregulated at the mRNA level in the prostate tissue of patients with severe inflammation score. Two proteins were measured in urine samples, and were associated with maximum uroflowmetry and post-void residual. A prospective clinical study is needed to confirm their clinical relevance.
BACKGROUND:Chronic prostatic inflammation could be a central mechanism in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) progression. Currently, the histological examination of prostate biopsies remains the only way to diagnose prostatic inflammation. Our objective was to find new noninvasive biomarkers for the diagnosis of prostatic inflammation. METHODS: Ninety BPH samples were investigated in two steps. First, a hypothesis was generated using a profiling procedure with a panel of 96 genes on an initial set of 30 samples. Then, the candidate biomarkers were validated on a large number of samples (n = 90). Gene expression was compared with the histological prostatic inflammation score based on the density and the confluence of lymphoid nodules. Finally, protein transcripts of the candidate biomarkers were investigated in urine samples and compared with clinical data. RESULTS: Of the 96 genes, nine were significantly correlated with the inflammation score on the initial set of patients. Four of them were validated on the complete set of patients: CCR7, CD40LG, CTLA4, and ICOS. ICOS and CTLA4 protein levels were readily measured in urine samples using a conventional ELISA procedure. High-ICOS expression in urine was associated with a higher post-void residual and a lower maximum urinary flow rate. CONCLUSIONS: Four genes were significantly upregulated at the mRNA level in the prostate tissue of patients with severe inflammation score. Two proteins were measured in urine samples, and were associated with maximum uroflowmetry and post-void residual. A prospective clinical study is needed to confirm their clinical relevance.
Authors: Quinn Orb; Abigail Pulsipher; Kristine A Smith; Shaelene Ashby; Jeremiah A Alt Journal: Int Forum Allergy Rhinol Date: 2019-01-18 Impact factor: 3.858
Authors: Ferenc G Rick; Andrew Abi-Chaker; Luca Szalontay; Roberto Perez; Miklos Jaszberenyi; Arumugam R Jayakumar; Nagarajarao Shamaladevi; Karoly Szepeshazi; Irving Vidaurre; Gabor Halmos; Awtar Krishan; Norman L Block; Andrew V Schally Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Date: 2013-01-28 Impact factor: 11.205
Authors: Fabiana Oliveira Dos Santos Gomes; Amanda Costa Oliveira; Edlene Lima Ribeiro; Bruna Santos da Silva; Laise Aline Martins Dos Santos; Ingrid Tavares de Lima; Amanda Karolina Soares E Silva; Shyrlene Meiry da Rocha Araújo; Terezinha Gonçalves; Mario Ribeiro de Melo-Junior; Christina Alves Peixoto Journal: Inflamm Res Date: 2017-11-18 Impact factor: 4.575
Authors: Bettina Schlick; Petra Massoner; Angelika Lueking; Pornpimol Charoentong; Mirjam Blattner; Georg Schaefer; Klaus Marquart; Carmen Theek; Peter Amersdorfer; Dirk Zielinski; Matthias Kirchner; Zlatko Trajanoski; Mark A Rubin; Stefan Müllner; Peter Schulz-Knappe; Helmut Klocker Journal: PLoS One Date: 2016-02-10 Impact factor: 3.240