Regeneration and recovery of cat muscle spindles after devascularization.

1. We have assessed the sensory reinnervation and recovery of regenerated muscle spindles in extensor digitorum longus (EDL) 6, 8 and 13 weeks after the muscle, with its nerve left intact, had been devascularized. Recordings were made from the dorsal roots of the responses of single afferent fibres to ramp-and-hold stretch of the regenerated spindles whose sensory reinnervation was subsequently examined in teased, silver preparations. 2. The spindle population in four normal EDL muscles ranged from 53 to 83 (mean 69); analysis of the afferent innervation of 166 normal b1b2c spindles showed that 23% had primary endings supplied by two Ia afferents. Regenerated spindles were identified as belonging to one of four groups in which afferents establish sensory endings on intrafusal muscle fibres in groups 1-3, but not in group 4. Sensory reinnervation was complete after 6 weeks recovery and similar proportions of group 1-3 spindles occurred after each recovery period, i.e. 58% after 6 weeks, 65% after 8 weeks and 62% after 13 weeks. We estimate that about half the original spindle population was lost owing to persistent ischaemic necrosis; that 30% regenerated and acquired functional afferent connections (group 1-3 spindles); and that the total loss of spindle afferents was over 60%. 3. The conduction velocities of the regenerated spindle afferents were very similar to those of normal EDL spindle afferents. The proportions that responded normally to ramp-and-hold stretch at the end of each recovery period increased from 58% after 6 weeks to 61% after 8 and 88% after 13. Other responsive spindle afferents were either predominantly phasic or only responded to supramaximal stretch. The proportions of these decreased as recovery progressed reducing from 19% after 6 weeks to 9% after 13 weeks in the case of those giving predominantly phasic responses and from 23% after 6 weeks to 3% after 13 weeks in the case of those unresponsive to physiological stretch. 4. The mean peak and held firing rates of regenerated spindle afferents responsive to 10 mms-1 ramp-and-hold stretches were all significantly lower than normal. There was no marked trend towards higher firing rates after longer periods of recovery through, considered separately, the mean peak firing rates of the normally responding afferents did show a distinct improvement. The mean dynamic and velocity indexes were not significantly different from normal. 5. The ratio of Ia:spindle II afferents, as identified by their responses to stretch, was 1:1.22 in the control animals and 1:1.26 in the experimental series.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)