Isradipine. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic use in cardiovascular disease.

Isradipine, a dihydropyridine derivative, inhibits the inward calcium flux through 'slow' channels of cardiac and vascular tissue, thereby eliciting potent coronary, cerebral and peripheral vasodilatation. In comparison with other calcium channel blockers the drug offers the advantages of minimal cardiodepressant activity, a selective action on the coronary and skeletal muscle vasculature, and a prolonged vasodilatory action. Clinical trials indicate that isradipine is an effective antihypertensive agent, suitable as monotherapy or in combination with beta-blockers, diuretics or ACE inhibitors, for long term treatment of mild to moderate hypertension. Preliminary findings suggest that the drug has a potential role in the treatment of chronic stable angina and, possibly, congestive heart failure. Adverse effects associated with the vasodilatory action of isradipine are generally mild, transient and well-tolerated, and are similar to those encountered with other calcium channel blockers. Thus, isradipine appears to offer a useful alternative to other dihydropyridine derivatives currently employed for the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension and, to a lesser extent, chronic stable angina. While its relative freedom from serious adverse effects may prove of value, its place in therapy vis-à-vis the established calcium channel blockers requires further clarification.