BACKGROUND: The human papillomavirus (HPV) is an important aetiological agent in cancer but its involvement in retinoblastomas (RBs) is controversial. METHODS: 64 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks and 19 fresh-frozen specimens were subjected to multiplex PCR using PGMY09/11 primers, HPV genotyping, non-isotopic in situ hybridisation and immunohistochemistry for pRb and p16(INK4a). RESULTS: 24% of RBs contained HPV DNA. 90% of HPV genotypes were of high-risk (HR) type and 10% were of intermediate-risk (IR) type. HR HPVs 45, 59, 68 and 52 were detected for the first time, as were IR HPVs 82 and 73. There was only one HPV 18-positive case. Interestingly, no low-risk genotypes were identified. Nine formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded HPV-positive cases showed nuclear HPV positivity by non-isotopic in situ hybridisation. Immunohistochemistry did not show pRb expression in 67% of cases. 34% expressed nuclear p16(INK4a), of which 20 cases were also positive for HPV by multiplex PCR. A statistically significant association between HPV and pRb expression status was observed (p=0.0001).The association of HPV with p16(INK4a) expression was also statistically significant (p=0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: While the presence of HPV in a subset of RB was demonstrated, its role in carcinogenesis needs further elucidation.
BACKGROUND: The human papillomavirus (HPV) is an important aetiological agent in cancer but its involvement in retinoblastomas (RBs) is controversial. METHODS: 64 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks and 19 fresh-frozen specimens were subjected to multiplex PCR using PGMY09/11 primers, HPV genotyping, non-isotopic in situ hybridisation and immunohistochemistry for pRb and p16(INK4a). RESULTS: 24% of RBs contained HPV DNA. 90% of HPV genotypes were of high-risk (HR) type and 10% were of intermediate-risk (IR) type. HR HPVs 45, 59, 68 and 52 were detected for the first time, as were IR HPVs 82 and 73. There was only one HPV 18-positive case. Interestingly, no low-risk genotypes were identified. Nine formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded HPV-positive cases showed nuclear HPV positivity by non-isotopic in situ hybridisation. Immunohistochemistry did not show pRb expression in 67% of cases. 34% expressed nuclear p16(INK4a), of which 20 cases were also positive for HPV by multiplex PCR. A statistically significant association between HPV and pRb expression status was observed (p=0.0001).The association of HPV with p16(INK4a) expression was also statistically significant (p=0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: While the presence of HPV in a subset of RB was demonstrated, its role in carcinogenesis needs further elucidation.
Authors: Julia E Heck; Christina A Lombardi; Travis J Meyers; Myles Cockburn; Michelle Wilhelm; Beate Ritz Journal: Cancer Causes Control Date: 2012-07-29 Impact factor: 2.506
Authors: Natali Gulbahce; Han Yan; Amélie Dricot; Megha Padi; Danielle Byrdsong; Rachel Franchi; Deok-Sun Lee; Orit Rozenblatt-Rosen; Jessica C Mar; Michael A Calderwood; Amy Baldwin; Bo Zhao; Balaji Santhanam; Pascal Braun; Nicolas Simonis; Kyung-Won Huh; Karin Hellner; Miranda Grace; Alyce Chen; Renee Rubio; Jarrod A Marto; Nicholas A Christakis; Elliott Kieff; Frederick P Roth; Jennifer Roecklein-Canfield; James A Decaprio; Michael E Cusick; John Quackenbush; David E Hill; Karl Münger; Marc Vidal; Albert-László Barabási Journal: PLoS Comput Biol Date: 2012-06-28 Impact factor: 4.475
Authors: Julia E Heck; Negar Omidakhsh; Saeedeh Azary; Beate Ritz; Ondine S von Ehrenstein; Greta R Bunin; Arupa Ganguly Journal: BMC Cancer Date: 2015-10-19 Impact factor: 4.430