BACKGROUND: The optimal feeding (breast milk, formula, or a combination) for infants with cystic fibrosis (CF) is unknown. Recommendations from the CF Foundation are based on limited data. OBJECTIVE: We compared growth and pulmonary outcomes between breastfed and formula-fed infants through the age of 2 y. DESIGN: A total of 103 CF infants born in 1994-2006 and diagnosed through newborn screening in Wisconsin were studied. Breastfed infants were classified by the duration of exclusive breastfeeding (ExBF). Exclusive formula-feeding (ExFM) was classified by the formula's caloric density (ie, standard [0.67 kcal/mL (20 kcal/oz) (ExFM20)] throughout infancy or high density [≥0.74 kcal/mL (22 kcal/oz) (ExFM22+)] for some duration of infancy). RESULTS: Fifty-three infants (51% of infants) were breastfed and 50 infants (49% of infants) were ExFM. In breastfed infants, the duration of ExBF was <1 mo (53% of infants), 1-1.9 mo (21% of infants), 2-3 mo (17% of infants), and 4-9 mo (9% of infants). In ExFM infants, 23 infants (46%) received a formula with a high caloric density; approximately half (n = 13) of the ExFM infants received the formula by 6 mo of age. Proportionately more infants with pancreatic sufficiency (n = 9) were ExBF ≥1 mo (44% of infants), and none of the infants were ExFM22+, compared with infants with meconium ileus (n = 24; 13% of infants were ExBF ≥1 mo, and 38% of infants were ExFM22+) or pancreatic insufficiency (n = 70; 25% of infants were ExBF ≥1 mo, and 20% of infants were ExFM22+) (P = 0.02). In infants with pancreatic insufficiency, weight z scores declined from birth to 6 mo (P < 0.0001) in infants who were ExBF ≥2 mo, and the number of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections through the age of 2 y was fewer in breastfed than in ExFM infants (P = 0.003) but did not differ by the duration of ExBF. CONCLUSION: For infants with CF, ExBF <2 mo does not compromise growth and is associated with a respiratory benefit.
BACKGROUND: The optimal feeding (breast milk, formula, or a combination) for infants with cystic fibrosis (CF) is unknown. Recommendations from the CF Foundation are based on limited data. OBJECTIVE: We compared growth and pulmonary outcomes between breastfed and formula-fed infants through the age of 2 y. DESIGN: A total of 103 CF infants born in 1994-2006 and diagnosed through newborn screening in Wisconsin were studied. Breastfed infants were classified by the duration of exclusive breastfeeding (ExBF). Exclusive formula-feeding (ExFM) was classified by the formula's caloric density (ie, standard [0.67 kcal/mL (20 kcal/oz) (ExFM20)] throughout infancy or high density [≥0.74 kcal/mL (22 kcal/oz) (ExFM22+)] for some duration of infancy). RESULTS: Fifty-three infants (51% of infants) were breastfed and 50 infants (49% of infants) were ExFM. In breastfed infants, the duration of ExBF was <1 mo (53% of infants), 1-1.9 mo (21% of infants), 2-3 mo (17% of infants), and 4-9 mo (9% of infants). In ExFM infants, 23 infants (46%) received a formula with a high caloric density; approximately half (n = 13) of the ExFM infants received the formula by 6 mo of age. Proportionately more infants with pancreatic sufficiency (n = 9) were ExBF ≥1 mo (44% of infants), and none of the infants were ExFM22+, compared with infants with meconium ileus (n = 24; 13% of infants were ExBF ≥1 mo, and 38% of infants were ExFM22+) or pancreatic insufficiency (n = 70; 25% of infants were ExBF ≥1 mo, and 20% of infants were ExFM22+) (P = 0.02). In infants with pancreatic insufficiency, weight z scores declined from birth to 6 mo (P < 0.0001) in infants who were ExBF ≥2 mo, and the number of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections through the age of 2 y was fewer in breastfed than in ExFM infants (P = 0.003) but did not differ by the duration of ExBF. CONCLUSION: For infants with CF, ExBF <2 mo does not compromise growth and is associated with a respiratory benefit.
Authors: R E Koscik; M R Kosorok; P M Farrell; J Collins; M E Peters; A Laxova; C G Green; L Zeng; L S Rusakow; R C Hardie; P W Campbell; J W Gurney Journal: Pediatr Pulmonol Date: 2000-06
Authors: Philip M Farrell; HuiChuan J Lai; Zhanhai Li; Michael R Kosorok; Anita Laxova; Christopher G Green; Jannette Collins; Gary Hoffman; Ronald Laessig; Michael J Rock; Mark L Splaingard Journal: J Pediatr Date: 2005-09 Impact factor: 4.406
Authors: R T Stein; C J Holberg; D Sherrill; A L Wright; W J Morgan; L Taussig; F D Martinez Journal: Am J Epidemiol Date: 1999-06-01 Impact factor: 4.897
Authors: T M Ball; J A Castro-Rodriguez; K A Griffith; C J Holberg; F D Martinez; A L Wright Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 2000-08-24 Impact factor: 91.245
Authors: Catherine M McDonald; Jessica A Alvarez; Julianna Bailey; Ellen K Bowser; Kristen Farnham; Mark Mangus; Laura Padula; Kathleen Porco; Mary Rozga Journal: J Acad Nutr Diet Date: 2020-06-19 Impact factor: 5.234