Aisyah Ali1, Ramachandran Vasudevan1, Patimah Ismail2, Christoper Lim Thiam Seong3, Srikumar Chakravarthi4. 1. Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia. 2. Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia patimahismail@gmail.com. 3. Department of Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia. 4. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pathology, International Medical University, Malaysia.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphisms found in the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene have been associated with hypertension, diabetes and renal disease. The present study sought to determine the association of I/D polymorphisms of the ACE gene with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients in Malaysia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 380 subjects were recruited to determine the genotypes of I/D polymorphisms of the ACE gene. Genotyping was performed using a PCR method. Statistical analyses were carried out using statistical software, and a level of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The frequencies for II, ID and DD genotypes of the ACE gene were 24.7%, 65.80% and 9.47%, respectively, in ESRD patients, and in control subjects were 45.26%, 47.37% and 7.37% respectively. The frequency for the D allele was found to be higher (42.40%) in ESRD patients compared to control subjects (31.05%). The genotypic and allelic frequencies of I/D polymorphisms of the ACE gene differed significantly (p < 0.05) between ESRD patients and control subjects in the Malaysian population. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study indicate that I/D polymorphisms of the ACE gene are a useful marker and are likely to play a major role in determining genetic susceptibility to ESRD in the Malaysian population.
INTRODUCTION: Insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphisms found in the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene have been associated with hypertension, diabetes and renal disease. The present study sought to determine the association of I/D polymorphisms of the ACE gene with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients in Malaysia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 380 subjects were recruited to determine the genotypes of I/D polymorphisms of the ACE gene. Genotyping was performed using a PCR method. Statistical analyses were carried out using statistical software, and a level of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The frequencies for II, ID and DD genotypes of the ACE gene were 24.7%, 65.80% and 9.47%, respectively, in ESRDpatients, and in control subjects were 45.26%, 47.37% and 7.37% respectively. The frequency for the D allele was found to be higher (42.40%) in ESRDpatients compared to control subjects (31.05%). The genotypic and allelic frequencies of I/D polymorphisms of the ACE gene differed significantly (p < 0.05) between ESRDpatients and control subjects in the Malaysian population. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study indicate that I/D polymorphisms of the ACE gene are a useful marker and are likely to play a major role in determining genetic susceptibility to ESRD in the Malaysian population.