Recapturing public health sciences for HIV/AIDS in China.

In recent years, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has spread from high-risk groups to the general population in China. Scientific interpretation of HIV figures, prevalence and proportion vs. incidence is displayed to correctly guide politicians and lay people in understanding the situation. Although behaviour-focused studies have been conducted in China, many have focused on 'scientific' issues, with limited attention given to human dimensions or contexts. An evidence-based public health approach, with strict evaluation in terms of cost-effectiveness and behavioural outcomes, needs to be developed, together with activity to encourage decentralization and community engagement of programmes. Policies and strategies on HIV prevention and control need to be mindful of Chinese culture and reality, including the expansion of screening and surveillance.