OBJECTIVE: To estimate the cost of depression for the adult population in Catalonia (Spain) for 2006. METHOD: The total adult population of Catalonia for the reference year was close to 6 million. A cross-design synthesis study was conducted, combining "top-down" and "bottom-up" data from secondary data sources, as well as expert opinion (nominal groups). A societal perspective was adopted. Estimates included direct health costs (hospital, primary, specialised and pharmacological care) and the indirect costs derived from the productivity lost due to morbidity and mortality. Sensitivity analyses were carried out for primary and specialised care resource utilisation. A Monte Carlo simulation model was developed to handle the uncertainty of the unit costs of primary care, specialised care and hospital visits. RESULTS: The total annual cost of depression in Catalonia for 2006 was 735.4 million Euros. Of this figure, 21.2% corresponded to direct costs, including 41 million Euros in primary care (5.6%), 8.1 million Euros in mental health specialised care (1.1%), 5.6 million Euros due to hospitalisation (0.8%) and 101.1 million Euros due to pharmacological care (13.7%); and 78.8% to indirect costs due to productivity loss. 3.7 million work days were lost to temporary disability for depression with a cost of 199.6 million Euros (27.1%), and 353.3 million Euros due to permanent disability (48%). Mortality attributed to suicide accounted for 26.9 million Euros (3.7%). The average annual cost of an adult with depression was close to 1800 Euros. LIMITATIONS: The heterogeneity of the data sources, the uncertainty in several estimates (i.e. proportion of psychotropic expenditure attributed to the treatment of depression, suicide rate attributed to depression), and the difficulty in disaggregating anxiety and depressive disorders in a number of databases are study limitations. CONCLUSIONS: The burden of depression for the Catalan public health system and society as a whole due to the consumption of resources and, more importantly, the loss of productivity is significant. Inefficiencies may be found in the overuse of pharmaceuticals and in the eligibility criteria of disability for work.
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the cost of depression for the adult population in Catalonia (Spain) for 2006. METHOD: The total adult population of Catalonia for the reference year was close to 6 million. A cross-design synthesis study was conducted, combining "top-down" and "bottom-up" data from secondary data sources, as well as expert opinion (nominal groups). A societal perspective was adopted. Estimates included direct health costs (hospital, primary, specialised and pharmacological care) and the indirect costs derived from the productivity lost due to morbidity and mortality. Sensitivity analyses were carried out for primary and specialised care resource utilisation. A Monte Carlo simulation model was developed to handle the uncertainty of the unit costs of primary care, specialised care and hospital visits. RESULTS: The total annual cost of depression in Catalonia for 2006 was 735.4 million Euros. Of this figure, 21.2% corresponded to direct costs, including 41 million Euros in primary care (5.6%), 8.1 million Euros in mental health specialised care (1.1%), 5.6 million Euros due to hospitalisation (0.8%) and 101.1 million Euros due to pharmacological care (13.7%); and 78.8% to indirect costs due to productivity loss. 3.7 million work days were lost to temporary disability for depression with a cost of 199.6 million Euros (27.1%), and 353.3 million Euros due to permanent disability (48%). Mortality attributed to suicide accounted for 26.9 million Euros (3.7%). The average annual cost of an adult with depression was close to 1800 Euros. LIMITATIONS: The heterogeneity of the data sources, the uncertainty in several estimates (i.e. proportion of psychotropic expenditure attributed to the treatment of depression, suicide rate attributed to depression), and the difficulty in disaggregating anxiety and depressive disorders in a number of databases are study limitations. CONCLUSIONS: The burden of depression for the Catalan public health system and society as a whole due to the consumption of resources and, more importantly, the loss of productivity is significant. Inefficiencies may be found in the overuse of pharmaceuticals and in the eligibility criteria of disability for work.
Authors: Mitha Al Balushi; Sara Al Balushi; Syed Javaid; Andrea Leinberger-Jabari; Fatma Al-Maskari; Mohammed Al-Houqani; Ayesha Al Dhaheri; Abdullah Al Nuaimi; Abdullah Al Junaibi; Naima Oumeziane; Marina Kazim; Aisha Al Hamiz; Muna Haji; Ayesha Al Hosani; Leila Abdel Wareth; Wael AlMahmeed; Habiba Alsafar; Fatme AlAnouti; Eiman Al Zaabi; Claire K Inman; Omar El Shahawy; Michael Weitzman; Ann Marie Schmidt; Scott Sherman; Abdishakur Abdulle; Amar Ahmad; Raghib Ali Journal: BMC Psychol Date: 2022-10-21
Authors: Maria Rubio-Valera; Imma Beneitez; María Teresa Peñarrubia-María; Juan V Luciano; Juan M Mendive; Paul McCrone; Martin Knapp; Ramon Sabés-Figuera; Katarzyna Kocyan; Javier García-Campayo; Antoni Serrano-Blanco Journal: BMC Psychiatry Date: 2015-03-31 Impact factor: 3.630
Authors: L Vallejo-Torres; I Castilla; N González; R Hunter; P Serrano-Pérez; L Perestelo-Pérez Journal: Psychol Med Date: 2014-10-30 Impact factor: 7.723
Authors: Maria Rubio-Valera; Judith Bosmans; Ana Fernández; Maite Peñarrubia-María; Marian March; Pere Travé; Juan A Bellón; Antoni Serrano-Blanco Journal: PLoS One Date: 2013-08-12 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Oleguer Parés-Badell; Gabriela Barbaglia; Petra Jerinic; Anders Gustavsson; Luis Salvador-Carulla; Jordi Alonso Journal: PLoS One Date: 2014-08-18 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Juan Ángel Bellón; Sonia Conejo-Cerón; Patricia Moreno-Peral; Michael King; Irwin Nazareth; Carlos Martín-Pérez; Carmen Fernández-Alonso; María Isabel Ballesta-Rodríguez; Anna Fernández; José María Aiarzaguena; Carmen Montón-Franco; Inmaculada Ibanez-Casas; Emiliano Rodríguez-Sánchez; Antonina Rodríguez-Bayón; Antoni Serrano-Blanco; María Cruz Gómez; Pilar LaFuente; María Del Mar Muñoz-García; Pilar Mínguez-Gonzalo; Luz Araujo; Diego Palao; Maite Espinosa-Cifuentes; Fernando Zubiaga; Desirée Navas-Campaña; Juan Mendive; Jose Manuel Aranda-Regules; Alberto Rodriguez-Morejón; Luis Salvador-Carulla; Juan de Dios Luna Journal: BMC Psychiatry Date: 2013-06-19 Impact factor: 3.630
Authors: Antoni Sicras-Mainar; Jorge Maurino; Luis Cordero; Milagrosa Blanca-Tamayo; Ruth Navarro-Artieda Journal: Ann Gen Psychiatry Date: 2012-08-03 Impact factor: 3.455