PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of calcium channel blockers, spider toxins, on cell viability and the glutamate content of ischemic retinal slices. METHODS: Rat retinal slices were subjected to ischemia via exposure to oxygen-deprived low-glucose medium for 45 minutes. Slices were either treated or not treated with the toxins PhTx3, Tx3-3, and Tx3-4. After oxygen-deprived low-glucose insult, glutamate content and cell viability were assessed in the slices by confocal and optical microscopy. RESULTS: In the retinal ischemic slices that were treated with PhTx3, Tx3-3, and Tx3-4, confocal imaging showed a decrease in cell death of 79.5 ± 3.1%, 75.5 ± 5.8%, and 61 ± 3.8%, respectively. Neuroprotective effects were also observed 15, 30, 60, and 90 minutes after the onset of the retinal ischemic injury. As a result of the ischemia, glutamate increased from 6.2 ± 1.0 nMol/mg protein to 13.2 ± 1.0 nMol/mg protein and was inhibited by PhTx3, Tx3-3, and Tx3-4 to 8.6 ± 0.7, 8.8 ± 0.9, and 7.4 ± 0.8 nMol/mg protein, respectively. Histologic analysis of the live cells in the outer, inner, and ganglion cell layers of the ischemic slices showed a considerable reduction in cell death by the toxin treatment. CONCLUSION: Spider toxins reduced glutamate content and cell death of retinal ischemic slices.
PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of calcium channel blockers, spider toxins, on cell viability and the glutamate content of ischemic retinal slices. METHODS:Rat retinal slices were subjected to ischemia via exposure to oxygen-deprived low-glucose medium for 45 minutes. Slices were either treated or not treated with the toxins PhTx3, Tx3-3, and Tx3-4. After oxygen-deprived low-glucose insult, glutamate content and cell viability were assessed in the slices by confocal and optical microscopy. RESULTS: In the retinal ischemic slices that were treated with PhTx3, Tx3-3, and Tx3-4, confocal imaging showed a decrease in cell death of 79.5 ± 3.1%, 75.5 ± 5.8%, and 61 ± 3.8%, respectively. Neuroprotective effects were also observed 15, 30, 60, and 90 minutes after the onset of the retinal ischemic injury. As a result of the ischemia, glutamate increased from 6.2 ± 1.0 nMol/mg protein to 13.2 ± 1.0 nMol/mg protein and was inhibited by PhTx3, Tx3-3, and Tx3-4 to 8.6 ± 0.7, 8.8 ± 0.9, and 7.4 ± 0.8 nMol/mg protein, respectively. Histologic analysis of the live cells in the outer, inner, and ganglion cell layers of the ischemic slices showed a considerable reduction in cell death by the toxin treatment. CONCLUSION: Spider toxins reduced glutamate content and cell death of retinal ischemic slices.
Authors: Mário Sérgio Lima de Lavor; Nancy Scardua Binda; Fabíola Bono Fukushima; Fátima Maria Caetano Caldeira; Juliana Figueira da Silva; Carla Maria Osório Silva; Karen Maciel de Oliveira; Bernardo de Caro Martins; Bruno Benetti Junta Torres; Isabel Rodrigues Rosado; Renato Santiago Gomez; Marcus Vinícius Gomez; Eliane Gonçalves de Melo Journal: Int J Clin Exp Pathol Date: 2015-09-01
Authors: Nancy Scardua Binda; Charles Porto Petruceli Carayon; Rafael Mourão Agostini; Ana Cristina do Nascimento Pinheiro; Marta Nascimento Cordeiro; Marco Aurélio Romano Silva; Juliana Figueira Silva; Elizete Maria Rita Pereira; Claudio Antonio da Silva Junior; Célio José de Castro Junior; Andre Luiz Sena Guimarães; Marcus Vinicius Gomez Journal: Toxins (Basel) Date: 2016-03-11 Impact factor: 4.546
Authors: Jessica M de Souza; Bruno D C Goncalves; Marcus V Gomez; Luciene B Vieira; Fabiola M Ribeiro Journal: Front Pharmacol Date: 2018-02-23 Impact factor: 5.810
Authors: Marcelo R V Diniz; Ana L B Paiva; Clara Guerra-Duarte; Milton Y Nishiyama; Mauricio A Mudadu; Ursula de Oliveira; Márcia H Borges; John R Yates; Inácio de L Junqueira-de-Azevedo Journal: PLoS One Date: 2018-08-01 Impact factor: 3.240