Moyamoya disease in children with congenital dwarfing conditions.

Congenital dwarfisms can be associated with a variety of vascular anomalies. Here, we describe 2 patients with congenital dwarfisms who presented with moyamoya syndrome and underwent indirect intracranial revascularization. The pathogenesis of moyamoya syndrome in this population is not well understood, but it is a major cause of stroke and early death in these patients, making their timely diagnosis and management critical.