Detection of soluble forms of the beta-amyloid precursor protein in human plasma.

A approximately 40-residue fragment of the beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) is progressively deposited in the extracellular spaces of brain and blood vessels in Alzheimer's disease (AD), Down's syndrome and aged normal subjects. Soluble, truncated forms of APP lacking the carboxyl terminus are normally secreted from cultured cells expressing this protein and are found in cerebrospinal fluid. Here, we report the detection of a similar soluble APP isoform in human plasma. This approximately 125 kDa protein, which was isolated from plasma by Affi-Gel Blue chromatography or dialysis-induced precipitation, comigrates with the larger of the two major soluble APP forms present in spinal fluid and contains the Kunitz protease inhibitor insert. It thus derives from the APP751 and APP770 precursors; a soluble form of APP695 has not yet been detected in plasma. The approximately 125 kDa plasma form lacks the C-terminal region and is unlikely to serve as a precursor for the beta-protein that forms the amyloid in AD.