OBJECTIVE: To unravel the mechanisms underlying the previously demonstrated associations between low birthweight and cardiovascular disease in adulthood, we examined whether maternal smoking during pregnancy leads to fetal arterial resistance adaptations, and subsequently to fetal growth retardation and changes in postnatal blood pressure and cardiac development. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study from early fetal life onwards. SETTING: Academic hospital. POPULATION: Analyses were based on 1120 children aged 2 years. METHODS: Maternal smoking during pregnancy [non-smoking, first trimester smoking, continued smoking (< 5 and ≥ 5 cigarettes/day)] was assessed by questionnaire. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Third trimester placental and fetal arterial resistance indices and fetal growth were assessed by ultrasound and Doppler measurements. Postnatal blood pressure and cardiac structures (aortic root diameter, left atrial diameter, left ventricular mass) were measured at 2 years of age. RESULTS: First trimester smoking was not associated with third trimester placental and fetal blood flow adaptations. Continued smoking of ≥ 5 cigarettes/day was associated with an increased resistance in uterine, umbilical and middle cerebral arteries, and with a decreased flow and diameter of the ascending aorta. Among mothers who continued to smoke, the third trimester estimated fetal weights and birthweights were most affected in children with the highest umbilical artery resistance. Fetal arterial resistance indices were also associated with aortic root diameter and left atrial diameter. CONCLUSIONS: Fetal arterial resistance adaptations may be involved in the pathways leading from maternal smoking during pregnancy to low birthweight and cardiovascular developmental changes in childhood in the offspring.
OBJECTIVE: To unravel the mechanisms underlying the previously demonstrated associations between low birthweight and cardiovascular disease in adulthood, we examined whether maternal smoking during pregnancy leads to fetal arterial resistance adaptations, and subsequently to fetal growth retardation and changes in postnatal blood pressure and cardiac development. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study from early fetal life onwards. SETTING: Academic hospital. POPULATION: Analyses were based on 1120 children aged 2 years. METHODS: Maternal smoking during pregnancy [non-smoking, first trimester smoking, continued smoking (< 5 and ≥ 5 cigarettes/day)] was assessed by questionnaire. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Third trimester placental and fetal arterial resistance indices and fetal growth were assessed by ultrasound and Doppler measurements. Postnatal blood pressure and cardiac structures (aortic root diameter, left atrial diameter, left ventricular mass) were measured at 2 years of age. RESULTS: First trimester smoking was not associated with third trimester placental and fetal blood flow adaptations. Continued smoking of ≥ 5 cigarettes/day was associated with an increased resistance in uterine, umbilical and middle cerebral arteries, and with a decreased flow and diameter of the ascending aorta. Among mothers who continued to smoke, the third trimester estimated fetal weights and birthweights were most affected in children with the highest umbilical artery resistance. Fetal arterial resistance indices were also associated with aortic root diameter and left atrial diameter. CONCLUSIONS: Fetal arterial resistance adaptations may be involved in the pathways leading from maternal smoking during pregnancy to low birthweight and cardiovascular developmental changes in childhood in the offspring.
Authors: Geetha Raghuveer; David A White; Laura L Hayman; Jessica G Woo; Juan Villafane; David Celermajer; Kenneth D Ward; Sarah D de Ferranti; Justin Zachariah Journal: Circulation Date: 2016-09-12 Impact factor: 29.690
Authors: L Toemen; O Gishti; L van Osch-Gevers; E A P Steegers; W A Helbing; J F Felix; I K M Reiss; L Duijts; R Gaillard; V W V Jaddoe Journal: Int J Obes (Lond) Date: 2016-05-24 Impact factor: 5.095
Authors: Bram G Janssen; Elke Munters; Nicky Pieters; Karen Smeets; Bianca Cox; Ann Cuypers; Frans Fierens; Joris Penders; Jaco Vangronsveld; Wilfried Gyselaers; Tim S Nawrot Journal: Environ Health Perspect Date: 2012-05-24 Impact factor: 9.031
Authors: Elisabeth T M Leermakers; H Rob Taal; Rachel Bakker; Eric A P Steegers; Albert Hofman; Vincent W V Jaddoe Journal: PLoS One Date: 2012-04-04 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Edith H van den Hooven; Frank H Pierik; Yvonne de Kluizenaar; Albert Hofman; Sjoerd W van Ratingen; Peter Y J Zandveld; Henk Russcher; Jan Lindemans; Henk M E Miedema; Eric A P Steegers; Vincent W V Jaddoe Journal: Environ Health Perspect Date: 2012-08-24 Impact factor: 9.031
Authors: David E Cantonwine; Kelly K Ferguson; Bhramar Mukherjee; Yin-Hsiu Chen; Nicole A Smith; Julian N Robinson; Peter M Doubilet; John D Meeker; Thomas F McElrath Journal: PLoS One Date: 2016-01-05 Impact factor: 3.240