Thromboxane A2 and peptidoleukotrienes contribute to the myocardial ischemia and contractile dysfunction in response to intracoronary infusion of complement C5a in pigs.

Intracoronary infusions of activated complement C5a result in myocardial ischemia, contractile dysfunction, and leukocyte accumulation. The hypothesis was tested that the generation of the coronary vasoconstrictors, thromboxane A2 and the 5-lipoxygenase leukotrienes (LTC4 and LTD4), contributes to the C5a-induced decrease in coronary blood flow and contractile function. The left anterior descending coronary artery in anesthetized swine was cannulated and servo pump-perfused with arterial blood at constant pressure and measured flow. Regional subendocardial contractile function was assessed with sonomicrometry. The interventricular vein was cannulated for sampling of coronary venous blood for leukocyte count. The responses in left anterior descending coronary artery blood flow and percent segment shortening to intracoronary infusions of LTC4 (1 microgram), LTD4 (1 microgram), thromboxane agonist U46619 (7.5 micrograms), and C5a (500 ng) were assessed before and after 1) LTD4/LTE4 receptor blockade with leukotriene receptor blocker LY171883 (10 mg/kg i.v.) (n = 5), 2) thromboxane A2/prostaglandin H2 receptor blockade with thromboxane receptor blocker BM13505 (2 mg/kg i.v.) (n = 5), and 3) combined thromboxane and leukotriene receptor blockade (n = 5). In the absence of receptor blockade, intracoronary C5a decreased coronary flow (50-60%) and regional segment function (60-70%) compared with the preinfusion levels. This was accompanied by a fall in coronary venous blood leukocyte levels by 5-6 x 10(6) cells/ml in the absence of alterations in arterial blood leukocyte count. Intracoronary injections of LTD4, LTC4, or U46619 also resulted in prompt decreases in coronary blood flow (50-60%) and segment function (70-80%) from preinfusion levels. Leukotriene receptor blockade with LY171883 abolished these responses to LTD4 and LTC4. Administration of LY171883 also attenuated (p less than 0.05) the myocardial response to C5a; coronary flow and segment function decreased by approximately 28% from preinfusion levels. Thromboxane receptor blockade with BM13505 eliminated the response in coronary flow and segment function to intracoronary U46619. Similar to LY171883, administration of BM13505 blunted (p less than 0.05) the C5a-induced decreases in coronary flow and contractile function, which fell by approximately 20-25% from the preinfusion level. After the combined LTD4/LTE4 receptor and thromboxane A2/prostaglandin H2 receptor blockade, intracoronary C5a resulted in little change in both coronary blood flow and segment shortening. In contrast to the flow and function effects, the C5a-induced myocardial leukocyte extraction was not decreased by leukotriene and/or thromboxane receptor blockade.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)