Transportation and mixing of droplets by surface acoustic wave.

Unit operations for complicated biochemical analysis cannot usually be integrated into one substrate. A possible solution to solve this problem is to integrate multi-unit operations into two or more substrates. In this case, transporting droplets from one substrate to another is essential. In this work, a new method to transport droplets from a hydrophobic glass substrate to a piezoelectric substrate is proposed. An interdigitated transducer (IDT) and reflectors were fabricated on an optic grade 128°YX-cut lithium niobate (LiNbO(3)) substrate, and its working surface between the IDT and a reflector was modified to be hydrophobic. Droplets to be transported were first pipetted onto a glass substrate. Adjust the glass substrate so that the droplets could contact the working surface of the piezoelectric substrate, and then was moved down. These droplets could be successfully transported from the glass surface to the piezoelectric substrate because of their "adhesion work" difference. By using this mechanism, water and red dye droplets were successfully transported from glass substrate to piezoelectric substrate. As an application, droplets mixing process was demonstrated in the piezoelectric substrate by using surface acoustic wave after they have been transported from the glass substrate.