Microencapsulation of enzymes, cells, and genetically engineered microorganisms.

Microencapsulation of biologically active material in the form of artificial cell was reported as early as 1964 (1-4). However, it is only in the past 10 yr that many centers have extensively developed this (5). More recently, we have concentrated on three areas of artificial cells for blood substitutes, enzyme therapy, and cell therapy. Space allows only a few examples to be given here.