OBJECTIVES: This study examined the relationship between psychiatric symptoms and nicotine, caffeine, alcohol, and marijuana use in young adult smokers METHODS: Young adult smokers completed self-report measures of nicotine, caffeine, alcohol and marijuana use, Conner's Adult ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) Rating Scale-Short Version (CAARS-SS), Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories (BDI and BAI), and provided a breath carbon monoxide (CO) sample. RESULTS: Self-reported cigarette use was positively correlated with carbon monoxide, CAARS-SS and the BDI levels. Caffeine intake was correlated with CAARS-SS, BAI and BDI levels and emerged as the more significant predictor of BDI, BAI and CAARS-SS scores when regressed with cigarette use. CONCLUSIONS: Caffeine use is associated with psychiatric symptoms in young adult cigarette smokers and should be considered in future research.
OBJECTIVES: This study examined the relationship between psychiatric symptoms and nicotine, caffeine, alcohol, and marijuana use in young adult smokers METHODS: Young adult smokers completed self-report measures of nicotine, caffeine, alcohol and marijuana use, Conner's Adult ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) Rating Scale-Short Version (CAARS-SS), Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories (BDI and BAI), and provided a breath carbon monoxide (CO) sample. RESULTS: Self-reported cigarette use was positively correlated with carbon monoxide, CAARS-SS and the BDI levels. Caffeine intake was correlated with CAARS-SS, BAI and BDI levels and emerged as the more significant predictor of BDI, BAI and CAARS-SS scores when regressed with cigarette use. CONCLUSIONS:Caffeine use is associated with psychiatric symptoms in young adult cigarette smokers and should be considered in future research.
Authors: Gail A Bernstein; Marilyn E Carroll; Paul D Thuras; Kelly P Cosgrove; Megan E Roth Journal: Drug Alcohol Depend Date: 2002-03-01 Impact factor: 4.492
Authors: Catherine A Martin; Circe Cook; John H Woodring; Gretchen Burkhardt; Greg Guenthner; Hatim A Omar; Thomas H Kelly Journal: ScientificWorldJournal Date: 2008-05-22
Authors: Jorien L Treur; Ditte Demontis; George Davey Smith; Hannah Sallis; Tom G Richardson; Reinout W Wiers; Anders D Børglum; Karin J H Verweij; Marcus R Munafò Journal: Addict Biol Date: 2019-11-16 Impact factor: 4.280