The Two-Spotted Cricket Gryllus bimaculatus: An Emerging Model for Developmental and Regeneration Studies.

INTRODUCTIONThe two-spotted cricket Gryllus bimaculatus De Geer (Orthoptera: Gryllidae), which is one of the most abundant cricket species, inhabits the tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Africa, and Europe. G. bimaculatus can be easily bred in the laboratory and has been widely used to study insect physiology and neurobiology. Recently, this species has become established as a model animal for studies on molecular mechanisms of development and regeneration because its mode of development is more typical of arthropods than that of Drosophila melanogaster, and the cricket is probably ancestral for this phylum. Moreover, the cricket is a hemimetabolous insect, in which nymphs possess functional legs with a remarkable capacity for regeneration after damage. Because RNA interference (RNAi) works effectively in this species, the elucidation of mechanisms of development and regeneration has been expedited through loss-of-function analyses of genes. Furthermore, because RNAi-based techniques for analyzing gene functions can be combined with assay systems in other research areas (such as behavioral analyses), G. bimaculatus is expected to become a model organism in various fields of biology. Thus, it may be possible to establish the cricket as a simple model system for exploring more complex organisms such as humans.