BACKGROUND: Depression is common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and contributes significantly to a reduced quality of life in PD patients. The determinants of depression in PD are complex and poorly understood. We investigated the factors associated with depression in PD. METHODS: PD patients were recruited from Neurology clinics. A validated method was used to screen for a lifetime history of depression. 'Depressed' patients were identified by a score of >6 in the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) or by having had prescribed treatment for depression. 'Never depressed' patients were recognised by a score of <5 in the GDS-15 with no signs of a history of depression. A newly developed and validated questionnaire was used to collect other information. RESULTS: Depression was identified in 66% of the 639 PD patients who met the inclusion criteria. Depression was associated with an increased severity of illness as evidenced by higher Unified PD Rating Scale scores and a higher Hoehn and Yahr stage. Other clinical factors associated with disease severity were also more frequently observed in depressed patients. Similar to findings in non-PD samples, depressed PD patients were more likely to have a lower education level, a history of smoking and to regularly use non-aspirin based NSAIDs or analgesics. Comorbidities such as anxiety, memory problems, hallucinations, sleep disturbances and postural hypotension were more common in depressed PD patients. LIMITATIONS: To avoid patient exhaustion of over-surveying, some factors within the psychological domain were not examined. CONCLUSION: Our results provide a focus for future intervention strategies.
BACKGROUND:Depression is common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and contributes significantly to a reduced quality of life in PDpatients. The determinants of depression in PD are complex and poorly understood. We investigated the factors associated with depression in PD. METHODS:PDpatients were recruited from Neurology clinics. A validated method was used to screen for a lifetime history of depression. 'Depressed' patients were identified by a score of >6 in the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) or by having had prescribed treatment for depression. 'Never depressed' patients were recognised by a score of <5 in the GDS-15 with no signs of a history of depression. A newly developed and validated questionnaire was used to collect other information. RESULTS:Depression was identified in 66% of the 639 PDpatients who met the inclusion criteria. Depression was associated with an increased severity of illness as evidenced by higher Unified PD Rating Scale scores and a higher Hoehn and Yahr stage. Other clinical factors associated with disease severity were also more frequently observed in depressedpatients. Similar to findings in non-PD samples, depressed PDpatients were more likely to have a lower education level, a history of smoking and to regularly use non-aspirin based NSAIDs or analgesics. Comorbidities such as anxiety, memory problems, hallucinations, sleep disturbances and postural hypotension were more common in depressed PDpatients. LIMITATIONS: To avoid patient exhaustion of over-surveying, some factors within the psychological domain were not examined. CONCLUSION: Our results provide a focus for future intervention strategies.
Authors: Matthew Swan; Nancy Doan; Robert A Ortega; Matthew Barrett; William Nichols; Laurie Ozelius; Jeannie Soto-Valencia; Sarah Boschung; Andres Deik; Harini Sarva; Jose Cabassa; Brooke Johannes; Deborah Raymond; Karen Marder; Nir Giladi; Joan Miravite; William Severt; Rivka Sachdev; Vicki Shanker; Susan Bressman; Rachel Saunders-Pullman Journal: J Neurol Sci Date: 2016-08-30 Impact factor: 3.181
Authors: Danny Bega; Sheng Luo; Hubert Fernandez; Kelvin Chou; Michael Aminoff; Sotirios Parashos; Harrison Walker; David S Russell; Chadwick W Christine; Rohit Dhall; Carlos Singer; Ivan Bodis-Wollner; Robert Hamill; Daniel Truong; Zoltan Mari; Sofya Glazmann; Meilin Huang; Emily Houston; Tanya Simuni Journal: Mov Disord Clin Pract Date: 2015-07-14
Authors: Davide L Vetrano; Maria S Pisciotta; Maria R Lo Monaco; Graziano Onder; Alice Laudisio; Vincenzo Brandi; Domenico La Carpia; Mauro Guglielmo; Antonio Nacchia; Domenico Fusco; Diego Ricciardi; Anna R Bentivoglio; Roberto Bernabei; Giuseppe Zuccalà Journal: J Neurol Date: 2015-09-04 Impact factor: 4.849
Authors: Albert F G Leentjens; Anja J H Moonen; Kathy Dujardin; Laura Marsh; Pablo Martinez-Martin; Irene H Richard; Sergio E Starkstein; Sebastian Köhler Journal: Neurology Date: 2013-08-14 Impact factor: 9.910
Authors: Nadeeka N W Dissanayaka; Elizabeth White; John D O'Sullivan; Rodney Marsh; Peter A Silburn; David A Copland; George D Mellick; Gerard J Byrne Journal: Mov Disord Clin Pract Date: 2015-04-06