Future directions for spinal cord injury research: recent developments and model systems contributions.

The authors look forward and discuss future directions in spinal cord injury (SCI) from a perspective of biomedical, psychosocial and technologic research. This discussion is based both on recent developments from various fields of knowledge and, more specifically, on SCI Model Systems' research contributions to medical rehabilitation. Biomedical research, as described here, includes (1) the process of moving from the "bench to bedside" and harnessing knowledge from basic science to produce new clinical treatment options for SCI during the life span; (2) the rapid proliferation of clinical trials aimed at neurologic recovery; (3) the growth of new technologies to restore and improve function; and (4) the challenges of developing relevant outcome measures to evaluate efficacy and effectiveness of interventions. Recent progress in psychosocial research has contributed significantly to understanding of the many factors associated with disability during the life course, the importance of quality of life issues, and the value of activity, participation, and the environment in promoting successful rehabilitation outcomes following SCI. Technology and bioengineering advances are discussed in relation to access to high-quality technology; restoration and replacement of movement; and technology to enhance rehabilitation outcomes.