Catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3 over different-shaped MnO2 at low temperature.

MnO(2) nanotubes, nanorods, and nanoparticles were prepared using a hydrothermal method, after which the different activities for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of nitrogen oxides (NO(x)) were compared. MnO(2) nanorods performed the highest activity for reduction of NO(x) under a gas hourly space velocity of 36,000 h(-1) with conversion efficiencies of above 90% between 250 and 300 °C; it also had the highest removal efficiency of 98.2% at 300 °C. From the analysis of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, temperature-programmed desorption, and temperature-programmed reduction, we can ascribe the high activity of MnO(2) nanorods to low crystallinity, more lattice oxygen, high reducibility, and a large number of strong acid sites. The apparent activation energy of the SCR reaction on the surface of nanorods was calculated to be 20.9 kJ/mol, which favored the reaction better than the other catalysts.