New nanosized technologies for dermal and transdermal drug delivery. A review.

Nanocarriers are promising dermal and transdermal drug delivery systems. The review recapitulates the most prominent nanocarriers such as microemulsions, liposomes and micro- and nanoparticles for the dermal and transdermal application. Microemulsions have a high solubilization capacity even for poorly soluble drugs and combined with their permeation enhancing effect high flux rates can be obtained. Liposomal carrier systems exhibit a high flexibility and mobility, whereas the follicular penetration of micro- and nanoparticular systems show an increase in the penetration depth. However, it is necessary to understand the particular mechanism of each transport system in order to limit undesired effects.