Proteome profiling suggests a pro-inflammatory role for plasma cells through release of high-mobility group box 1 protein.

The final step of B-cell maturation is to differentiate into plasma cells, a process that is accompanied by gross changes in subcellular organization to enable antibody secretion. To better understand this critical step in mounting a humoral immune response, we analyzed proteome dynamics during plasma cell differentiation with combined 2-DE/MS. Thirty-two identified protein spots changed in relative abundance when lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated primary B cells differentiated into antibody-secreting plasma cells. A correlative analysis of protein and transcript abundance suggested that one third of these proteins are post-transcriptionally regulated. Apart from ER-resident chaperones, lipid metabolic enzymes, and translation initiation factors, we identified several proteins that had not been previously studied in plasma cells. Among them is the transiently upregulated proteasome activator (PA) 28γ, a component of the putative nuclear proteasome. Additionally, we discovered that the non-canonical inflammatory cytokine high-mobility group box 1 (HMG1) was released from plasma cells into the extracellular milieu. This suggests a novel role for plasma cells as pro-inflammatory mediators, which has important implications for various autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammation.