Influence of the impact velocity and size of the film formed on bubble coalescence time at water surface.

Phenomena occurring during bubble collisions with a water/air interface were studied. The bubble impact velocity was tuned by the following: (i) changing the bubble diameter and (ii) adjusting the distance between the bubble formation point and the water free surface (at the bubble acceleration stage). It was found that the bubble bouncing and the coalescence time, i.e., the time from the moment of the bubble's first collision to its rupture, increased with the impact velocity. The coalescence time varied from a few to ca. 120 ms when the bubble impact velocity was changed from 8.0 to 36.7 cm/s. It was found that a prolongation of the coalescence time was related to size of the liquid film formed during the bubble collision. Higher impact velocity means larger deformation of the bubble shape and larger radius of the liquid film formed. It was shown that the bubble bounces when the thinning water film between the bubble and the air/water interface does not reach its rupture thickness during the collision time.