Change in PGC-1α expression in rat skeletal muscle after low-intensity prolonged swimming exercise.

After 6-h low-intensity swimming exercise (LIE), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator -1α (PGC-1α) in whole and nuclear fractions in rat skeletal muscle was higher than the control rats' muscles up to 18 h after LIE. However, no study has reported change in PGC-1α content after that. Therefore, we measured PGC-1α in whole and nuclear fractions in rat skeletal muscle up to 24 h after LIE. Furthermore, we evaluated change in the mRNA of δ-aminolevulinate synthase (ALAS), a mitochondrial protein, to clarify in which fraction of PGC-1α has a physiological role as a transcriptional coactivator for enhancing the mitochondrial oxidative enzymes after exercise. We measured PGC-1α protein content in whole and nuclear fractions in the epitrochlearis (EPI) muscle of male Sprague-Dawley rats (age: 6 w; body weight: 180-200 g) after LIE by Western-blot analysis. The ALAS mRNA content was quantified by RT-PCR. The PGC-1α contents in whole fractions in the rat EPI muscle were 73% and 75% higher than that of the control rats' muscle, 18 h and 24 h after LIE, respectively. The PGC-1α content in nuclear fractions in the muscle and ALAS mRNA was higher than that of the control rats' muscle by 58% and 25%, respectively, while they returned to the control level 24 h after LIE. The present investigation demonstrated that the time-course of PGC-1α content in nuclear fractions in the EPI muscle was the same as the ALAS mRNA, suggesting that PGC-1α in the nucleus may have a physiological function as a transcriptional coactivator for enhancing mitochondrial protein expression after exercise.