Infection and anemia.

Anemia most frequently accompanies infection in varying degrees and in different forms. Anemia of inflammation is the most common and is due to over-expression of hepcidin. This is followed by hemolytic anemia, red cell aplasia and blood loss. The degree of anemia may not necessarily be proportional to the severity of the infection, nor is it specific for the type of infection. A clear understanding of these diverse causes and a recognition that they often occur in combination can be of enormous assistance in forming a proper diagnosis and an appropriate management plan.