OBJECTIVE: To estimate the global and regional distribution of HIV-1 subtypes and recombinants between 2000 and 2007. DESIGN: Country-specific HIV-1 molecular epidemiology data were combined with estimates of the number of HIV-infected people in each country. METHODS: Cross-sectional HIV-1 subtyping data were collected from 65 913 samples in 109 countries between 2000 and 2007. The distribution of HIV-1 subtypes in individual countries was weighted according to the number of HIV-infected people in each country to generate estimates of regional and global HIV-1 subtype distribution for the periods 2000-2003 and 2004-2007. RESULTS: Analysis of the global distribution of HIV-1 subtypes and recombinants in the two periods indicated a broadly stable distribution of HIV-1 subtypes worldwide with a notable increase in the proportion of circulating recombinant forms (CRFs), a decrease in unique recombinant forms (URFs) and an overall increase in recombinants. In 2004-2007, subtype C accounted for nearly half (48%) of all global infections, followed by subtypes A (12%) and B (11%), CRF02_AG (8%), CRF01_AE (5%), subtype G (5%) and D (2%). Subtypes F, H, J and K together cause fewer than 1% of infections worldwide. Other CRFs and URFs are each responsible for 4% of global infections, bringing the combined total of worldwide CRFs to 16% and all recombinants (CRFs along with URFs) to 20%. CONCLUSION: The global and regional distributions of individual subtypes and recombinants are broadly stable, although CRFs may play an increasing role in the HIV pandemic. The global diversity of HIV-1 poses a formidable challenge to HIV vaccine development.
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the global and regional distribution of HIV-1 subtypes and recombinants between 2000 and 2007. DESIGN: Country-specific HIV-1 molecular epidemiology data were combined with estimates of the number of HIV-infected people in each country. METHODS: Cross-sectional HIV-1 subtyping data were collected from 65 913 samples in 109 countries between 2000 and 2007. The distribution of HIV-1 subtypes in individual countries was weighted according to the number of HIV-infected people in each country to generate estimates of regional and global HIV-1 subtype distribution for the periods 2000-2003 and 2004-2007. RESULTS: Analysis of the global distribution of HIV-1 subtypes and recombinants in the two periods indicated a broadly stable distribution of HIV-1 subtypes worldwide with a notable increase in the proportion of circulating recombinant forms (CRFs), a decrease in unique recombinant forms (URFs) and an overall increase in recombinants. In 2004-2007, subtype C accounted for nearly half (48%) of all global infections, followed by subtypes A (12%) and B (11%), CRF02_AG (8%), CRF01_AE (5%), subtype G (5%) and D (2%). Subtypes F, H, J and K together cause fewer than 1% of infections worldwide. Other CRFs and URFs are each responsible for 4% of global infections, bringing the combined total of worldwide CRFs to 16% and all recombinants (CRFs along with URFs) to 20%. CONCLUSION: The global and regional distributions of individual subtypes and recombinants are broadly stable, although CRFs may play an increasing role in the HIV pandemic. The global diversity of HIV-1 poses a formidable challenge to HIV vaccine development.
Authors: D L Robertson; J P Anderson; J A Bradac; J K Carr; B Foley; R K Funkhouser; F Gao; B H Hahn; M L Kalish; C Kuiken; G H Learn; T Leitner; F McCutchan; S Osmanov; M Peeters; D Pieniazek; M Salminen; P M Sharp; S Wolinsky; B Korber Journal: Science Date: 2000-04-07 Impact factor: 47.728
Authors: Brandon F Keele; Fran Van Heuverswyn; Yingying Li; Elizabeth Bailes; Jun Takehisa; Mario L Santiago; Frederic Bibollet-Ruche; Yalu Chen; Louise V Wain; Florian Liegeois; Severin Loul; Eitel Mpoudi Ngole; Yanga Bienvenue; Eric Delaporte; John F Y Brookfield; Paul M Sharp; George M Shaw; Martine Peeters; Beatrice H Hahn Journal: Science Date: 2006-05-25 Impact factor: 47.728
Authors: Jared M Baeten; Bhavna Chohan; Ludo Lavreys; Vrasha Chohan; R Scott McClelland; Laura Certain; Kishorchandra Mandaliya; Walter Jaoko; Julie Overbaugh Journal: J Infect Dis Date: 2007-03-02 Impact factor: 5.226
Authors: Supachai Rerks-Ngarm; Punnee Pitisuttithum; Sorachai Nitayaphan; Jaranit Kaewkungwal; Joseph Chiu; Robert Paris; Nakorn Premsri; Chawetsan Namwat; Mark de Souza; Elizabeth Adams; Michael Benenson; Sanjay Gurunathan; Jim Tartaglia; John G McNeil; Donald P Francis; Donald Stablein; Deborah L Birx; Supamit Chunsuttiwat; Chirasak Khamboonruang; Prasert Thongcharoen; Merlin L Robb; Nelson L Michael; Prayura Kunasol; Jerome H Kim Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 2009-10-20 Impact factor: 91.245
Authors: Nilu Goonetilleke; Michael K P Liu; Jesus F Salazar-Gonzalez; Guido Ferrari; Elena Giorgi; Vitaly V Ganusov; Brandon F Keele; Gerald H Learn; Emma L Turnbull; Maria G Salazar; Kent J Weinhold; Stephen Moore; Norman Letvin; Barton F Haynes; Myron S Cohen; Peter Hraber; Tanmoy Bhattacharya; Persephone Borrow; Alan S Perelson; Beatrice H Hahn; George M Shaw; Bette T Korber; Andrew J McMichael Journal: J Exp Med Date: 2009-06-01 Impact factor: 14.307
Authors: Gonzalo Yebra; Miguel de Mulder; Leticia Martín; Carmen Rodríguez; Pablo Labarga; Isabel Viciana; Juan Berenguer; María Remedios Alemán; Juan Antonio Pineda; Federico García; Africa Holguín Journal: J Clin Microbiol Date: 2011-12-07 Impact factor: 5.948
Authors: Oliver Laeyendecker; Ron Brookmeyer; Caroline E Mullis; Deborah Donnell; Jairam Lingappa; Connie Celum; Jared M Baeten; Mary S Campbell; Max Essex; Guy de Bruyn; Carey Farquhar; Thomas C Quinn; Susan H Eshleman Journal: AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses Date: 2012-10 Impact factor: 2.205
Authors: Andrew F Longosz; Charles S Morrison; Pai-Lien Chen; Eric Arts; Immaculate Nankya; Robert A Salata; Veronica Franco; Thomas C Quinn; Susan H Eshleman; Oliver Laeyendecker Journal: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Date: 2014-04-01 Impact factor: 3.731