BACKGROUND: There is evidence that bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with significant neurocognitive deficits and this occurs in individuals with BD type I (BD I) and with BD type II (BD II). Only a few studies have focused on cognitive impairment in BD II. The aim of this study was to describe the pattern of cognitive impairment in patients with BD II, in order to identify specific cognitive deficits that distinguish BD II from BD I patients as well as from healthy subjects. METHOD: We performed a systematic review of the literature of neuropsychological studies of BD II published between 1980 and July 2009. Fourteen articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. RESULTS: Main cognitive deficits found in BD II include working memory and some measures of executive functions (inhibitory control) and approximately half of the studies also detected verbal memory impairment. CONCLUSIONS: There are subtle differences between the two subtypes regarding cognition. This may suggest neurobiological differences between the two subgroups which will be helpful in order to determine cognitive endophenotypes in BD subtypes.
BACKGROUND: There is evidence that bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with significant neurocognitive deficits and this occurs in individuals with BD type I (BD I) and with BD type II (BD II). Only a few studies have focused on cognitive impairment in BD II. The aim of this study was to describe the pattern of cognitive impairment in patients with BD II, in order to identify specific cognitive deficits that distinguish BD II from BD I patients as well as from healthy subjects. METHOD: We performed a systematic review of the literature of neuropsychological studies of BD II published between 1980 and July 2009. Fourteen articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. RESULTS: Main cognitive deficits found in BD II include working memory and some measures of executive functions (inhibitory control) and approximately half of the studies also detected verbal memory impairment. CONCLUSIONS: There are subtle differences between the two subtypes regarding cognition. This may suggest neurobiological differences between the two subgroups which will be helpful in order to determine cognitive endophenotypes in BD subtypes.
Authors: David Watson; Holly F Levin-Aspenson; Monika A Waszczuk; Christopher C Conway; Tim Dalgleish; Michael N Dretsch; Nicholas R Eaton; Miriam K Forbes; Kelsie T Forbush; Kelsey A Hobbs; Giorgia Michelini; Brady D Nelson; Martin Sellbom; Tim Slade; Susan C South; Matthew Sunderland; Irwin Waldman; Michael Witthöft; Aidan G C Wright; Roman Kotov; Robert F Krueger Journal: World Psychiatry Date: 2022-02 Impact factor: 79.683
Authors: Geoffrey M Reed; Michael B First; Cary S Kogan; Steven E Hyman; Oye Gureje; Wolfgang Gaebel; Mario Maj; Dan J Stein; Andreas Maercker; Peter Tyrer; Angelica Claudino; Elena Garralda; Luis Salvador-Carulla; Rajat Ray; John B Saunders; Tarun Dua; Vladimir Poznyak; María Elena Medina-Mora; Kathleen M Pike; José L Ayuso-Mateos; Shigenobu Kanba; Jared W Keeley; Brigitte Khoury; Valery N Krasnov; Maya Kulygina; Anne M Lovell; Jair de Jesus Mari; Toshimasa Maruta; Chihiro Matsumoto; Tahilia J Rebello; Michael C Roberts; Rebeca Robles; Pratap Sharan; Min Zhao; Assen Jablensky; Pichet Udomratn; Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar; Per-Anders Rydelius; Sabine Bährer-Kohler; Ann D Watts; Shekhar Saxena Journal: World Psychiatry Date: 2019-02 Impact factor: 49.548
Authors: Erik Pålsson; Clara Figueras; Anette G M Johansson; Carl-Johan Ekman; Björn Hultman; Josefin Östlind; Mikael Landén Journal: BMC Psychiatry Date: 2013-06-07 Impact factor: 3.630