Carla Lopes1, Marta Herva, Amaya Franco-Uría, Enrique Roca. 1. Sustainable Processes and Products Engineering and Management Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Abstract
BACKGROUND, AIM, AND SCOPE: In this work, an environmental risk assessment of reusing organic waste of differing origins and raw materials as agricultural fertilizers was carried out. An inventory of the heavy metal content in different organic wastes (i.e., compost, sludge, or manure) from more than 80 studies at different locations worldwide is presented. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The risk analysis was developed by considering the heavy metal (primarily Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) concentrations in different organic residues to assess their potential environmental accumulation and biotransfer to the food chain and humans. A multi-compartment model was used to estimate the fate and distribution of metals in different environmental compartments, and a multi-pathway model was used to predict human exposure. RESULTS: The obtained hazard index for each waste was concerning in many cases, especially in the sludge samples that yielded an average value of 0.64. Among the metals, Zn was the main contributor to total risk in all organic wastes due to its high concentration in the residues and high biotransfer potential. Other more toxic metals, like Cd or Pb, represented a negligible contribution. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the Zn content in organic waste should be reduced or more heavily regulated to guarantee the safe management and reuse of waste residues according to the current policies promoted by the European Union.
BACKGROUND, AIM, AND SCOPE: In this work, an environmental risk assessment of reusing organic waste of differing origins and raw materials as agricultural fertilizers was carried out. An inventory of the heavy metal content in different organic wastes (i.e., compost, sludge, or manure) from more than 80 studies at different locations worldwide is presented. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The risk analysis was developed by considering the heavy metal (primarily Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) concentrations in different organic residues to assess their potential environmental accumulation and biotransfer to the food chain and humans. A multi-compartment model was used to estimate the fate and distribution of metals in different environmental compartments, and a multi-pathway model was used to predict human exposure. RESULTS: The obtained hazard index for each waste was concerning in many cases, especially in the sludge samples that yielded an average value of 0.64. Among the metals, Zn was the main contributor to total risk in all organic wastes due to its high concentration in the residues and high biotransfer potential. Other more toxic metals, like Cd or Pb, represented a negligible contribution. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the Zn content in organic waste should be reduced or more heavily regulated to guarantee the safe management and reuse of waste residues according to the current policies promoted by the European Union.
Authors: Koe Wei Wong; Chee Kong Yap; Rosimah Nulit; Mohd Suhaimi Hamzah; Soo Kien Chen; Wan Hee Cheng; Ali Karami; Salman Abdo Al-Shami Journal: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int Date: 2016-11-07 Impact factor: 4.223
Authors: Jin Zhang; Minyan Wang; Yucheng Cao; Peng Liang; Shengchun Wu; Anna Oi Wah Leung; Peter Christie Journal: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int Date: 2015-08-07 Impact factor: 4.223