Large favorable enthalpy changes drive specific RNA recognition by RNA recognition motif proteins.

The RNA recognition motif (RRM) is a prevalent class of RNA binding domains. Although a number of RRM/RNA structures have been determined, thermodynamic analyses are relatively uncommon. Here, we use isothermal titration calorimetry to characterize single-stranded (ss)RNA binding by four representative RRM-containing proteins: (i) U2AF(65), (ii) SXL, (iii) TIA-1, and (iv) PAB. In all cases, ssRNA binding is accompanied by remarkably large favorable enthalpy changes (-30 to -60 kcal mol(-1)) and unfavorable entropy changes. Alterations of key RRM residues and binding sites indicate that under the nearly physiological conditions of these studies, large thermodynamic changes represent a signature of specific ssRNA recognition by RRMs.