Cardiac Z-disc signaling network.

During the last 15 years, the perception of the cardiac z-disc has undergone substantial changes. Initially viewed as a structural component at the lateral boundaries of the sarcomere, the cardiac z-disc has increasingly become recognized as a nodal point in cardiomyocyte signal transduction and disease. This minireview thus focuses on novel components and recent developments in z-disc biology and their role in cardiac signaling and disease.