Feminizing surgery for disorders of sex development: evolution, complications, and outcomes.

Since the first part of the 20th century, when physicians and surgeons were struggling to understand disorders of sex development (DSD) and the variety of associated anomalies they produced, there have been great strides in feminizing surgery for patients with DSD. Surgical techniques were devised and concepts about how best to manage these complicated patients were developed. In this article, the evolution of these concepts and refinements of technique for feminizing genitoplasty that have taken place over the past three quarters of a century are presented, and the surgical outcomes and complications of feminizing genitoplasty are critically reviewed.