Reperfusion-induced injury manifestations, mechanisms, and clinical relevance.

Although reperfusion is an absolute prerequisite for the survival of ischemic tissue, it is not necessarily without hazard. Many (but not all) cardiologists are of the opinion that some component of reperfusion may be detrimental and able to inflict injury over and above that attributable to the ischemia. In this article, we define four sequelae of reperfusion that might be designated as "reperfusion injury," we identify possible underlying mechanisms, and we consider whether any of these forms of reperfusion injury are of clinical relevance.