Landscape ecology of boreal forests.

It is becoming increasingly clear that densities and dynamics of various organisms often cannot be understood from the processes occurring within separate habitat patches. Effects from surrounding areas also have to be considered; a landscape perspective has to be employed. Habitat mosaics affect diversity and dynamics both in pristine and managed boreal landscapes. There is increasing interest in the landscape ecology of boreal forests and many important processes have been identified as being driven or affected by environmental heterogeneity. Comparisons between ecological processes in original and managed boreal landscapes are urgently needed.