The analysis of plant growth in ecological and evolutionary studies.

Plant growth rate is often assumed to be an ecologically important life history trait. However, conventional plant growth analysis, while providing a useful accounting of rates of weight gain and its components, is ill-suited for testing relationships between growth and fitness, particularly in natural populations. Two new approaches that are suitable for testing such relationships have evolved over the past several years. The first - the population biology of plant parts, or 'modular demography' - permits non-destructive measures of growth rate in natural field populations. When modular demography is performed using matrix population models, controls over growth rate can be examined, as well as consequences of growth variation for reproduction. The second - demographic growth analysis - provides growth parameters analogous to those of conventional growth analysis, but can be performed in natural field populations. Demographic growth analysis allows measures of individual growth-rate variation, which, in turn, can be related to plant performance.