Frequency-dependent stiffening of semiflexible networks: a dynamical nonaffine to affine transition.

By combining the force-extension relation of single semiflexible polymers with a Langevin equation to capture the dissipative dynamics of chains moving through a viscous medium we study the dynamical response of cross-linked biopolymer materials. We find that at low frequencies the network deformations are highly nonaffine, and show a low plateau in the modulus. At higher frequencies, this nonaffinity decreases while the elastic modulus increases. With increasing frequency, more and more nonaffine network relaxation modes are suppressed, resulting in a stiffening. This effect is fundamentally different from the high-frequency stiffening due to the single-filament relaxation modes [F. Gittes and F. C. MacKintosh, Phys. Rev. E 58, R1241 (1998)], not only in terms of its mechanism but also in its resultant scaling: G'(ω) ∼ ω(α) with α > 3/4. This may determine nonlinear material properties at low, physiologically relevant frequencies.