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Most patients are very anxious when they consult their physician for hemospermia. The most frequent cause is an inflammation of the prostrate, the posterior urethra or the seminal vesides, such as chronic prostatitis or posterior urethritis. Neoplasia, tuberculosis and schistosomiasis are very rare. In approximately 40% of all cases, no obvious cause is found. With the information that follows, you will be able to reassure the patient in most cases.