Haematological malignancy: are patients appropriately referred for specialist palliative and hospice care? A systematic review and meta-analysis of published data.

Haematological malignancies are complex diseases, affecting the entire age spectrum, and having marked differences in presentation, treatment, progression and outcome. Patients have a significant symptom burden and despite treatment improvements for some sub-types, many patients die from their disease. We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the proportion of patients with haematological malignancies that received any form of specialist palliative or hospice care. Twenty-four studies were identified, nine of which were suitable for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Our review showed that patients with haematological malignancies were far less likely to receive care from specialist palliative or hospice services compared to other cancers (Risk Ratio 0.46, [95% confidence intervals 0.42-0.50]). There are several possible explanations for this finding, including: ongoing management by the haematology team and consequent strong bonds between staff and patients; uncertain transitions to a palliative approach to care; and sudden transitions, leaving little time for palliative input. Further research is needed to explore: transitions to palliative care; potential unmet patient needs; where patients want to be cared for and die; existing practices in the delivery of palliative and end-of-life care; and barriers to specialist palliative care and hospice referral and how these might be overcome.