Estimating relatedness in social groups.

Genetic relatedness is a vital parameter in the evolution of social behaviour by kin selection. It can be easily estimated using genetic markers and calculating the genotypic correlation or regression of group members. Spatial gene frequency differentiation, due to population subdivision or isolation by distance, boosts the relatedness estimates. In such cases it may be useful to partition the estimate into components, the operational relatedness is normally that among individuals in social groups within the same subpopulation. Although it is straightforward to estimate the average relatedness in social groups, estimating values for specific individuals with the help of genetic markers is still problematic. Current estimators tend to give biased values and the sampling error is large. In spite of these shortcomings, studies of social behaviour combining relatedness and reproductive success are sorely needed.