Review article Alterations in cyclin D1, p53, and the cell cycle related elements Implications for distinct genetic pathways of urinary bladder carcinogenesis.

Data from recent studies support the hypothesis that overexpression of cyclin D1 acts as an oncogenic event during development of transitional cell carcinomas of urinary bladder, possibly modifying the evolution of a particular subset of these tumors. We recently described overexpression of cyclin D1 and alteration in other cell cycle related elements in chemical carcinogenesis of the rat urinary bladder. Here, we discuss in more detail the implications of these changes for pathways of urinary bladder neoplasia.