Minimally invasive surgery for atrial fibrillation.

There are currently many promising innovations using minimal-access procedures, instrumentation, and devices for stand-alone and concomitant AF. It is prudent to say that within a few years, surgeons will be performing a number of surgical ablations with minimal complexity and maximum effectiveness, using port-accessed, video-assisted, and robot-assisted surgical techniques with the aid of hybrid approaches, less invasive devices, and specialized navigation instruments.