Nontuberculous mycobacteria isolated from pulmonary specimens between 2004 and 2009: causative agent or not?

Nontuberculous mycobacteria were identified from 45891 samples of 19553 patients with a prediagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis between November 2004 and January 2009. Among 10041 (21.9%) culture positive samples, 208 (2.1%) pulmonary samples recovered from 77 individual patients were differentiated as mycobacteria other than tuberculosis (MOTT). Proportion of mycobacteria evaluated as causative agent for clinical infection were found as 0.16% (n = 31), mostly M. avium complex, M. abscessus and M. kansasii. Additionally, M. fortuitum-peregrinum complex, M. simiae, M. szulgai / intermedium and M. scrofulaceum were found as causative agent in 2, 2, 2 and 1 patient, respectively. Identification of infections caused by environmental or opportunistic pathogen mycobacteria is required in rapid and accurate diagnosis, infection control and treatment planning of infections caused by M. tuberculosis complex and/or MOTT.