Stroke in diabetic patients.

Stroke is the leading cause of disability and the second most frequent cause of death worldwide. On the one hand, diabetic patients have a 1.5 to 3-times higher risk of stroke, especially cerebral infarction, than non-diabetic subjects. This excess risk, which is particularly pronounced in younger individuals and women, can be reduced by effective therapeutic strategies aimed at improving glycaemic control and the management of co-morbid conditions such as hypertension and dyslipidaemia. On the other hand, the prevalence of diabetes in stroke patients is between 10 and 20%, and has been increasing over the last 20 years, probably in response to rising rates of overweight and obesity in the general population and other factors such as a sedentary lifestyle. Even though diabetes has long been considered a specific risk factor of lacunar stroke, recent epidemiological studies have demonstrated that this risk factor was in fact not associated with any ischemic stroke subtype. Finally, it has been suggested that diabetic stroke patients have poorer motor and functional outcomes, and are at a higher risk of dementia, recurrent stroke and death.