Dynamic behavior of double-membrane-bounded organelles in plant cells.

In plant cells, different kinds of single- and double-membrane-bounded cell organelles exhibit dynamic changes in their morphology, motility, and distribution patterns. The dynamic behavior of organelles plays crucial roles intimately associated with plant development and/or adaptive responses to environmental fluctuations. Recent progress in techniques for the visualization of cell organelles and cytoskeletal components has provided useful systems to dissect these complex processes, and revealed a number of striking features of plant organelle dynamics. This chapter summarizes recent findings on dynamic behavior of nuclei, mitochondria, and plastids in plant cells, focusing on imaging analyses and regulatory proteins.