Sequence-specific ultrasonic cleavage of DNA.

We investigated the phenomenon of ultrasonic cleavage of DNA by analyzing a large set of cleavage patterns of DNA restriction fragments using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The cleavage intensity of individual phosphodiester bonds was found to depend on the nucleotide sequence and the position of the bond with respect to the ends of the fragment. The relative intensities of cleavage of the central phosphodiester bond in 16 dinucleotides and 256 tetranucleotides were determined by multivariate statistical analysis. We observed a remarkable enhancement of the mean values of the relative intensities of cleavage (cleavage rates) in phosphodiester bonds following deoxycytidine, which diminished in the row of dinucleotides: d(CpG) > d(CpA) > d(CpT) >> d(CpC). The cleavage rates for all pairs of complementary dinucleotides were significantly different from each other. The effect of flanking nucleotides in tetranucleotides on cleavage rates of all 16 types of central dinucleotides was also statistically significant. The sequence-dependent ultrasonic cleavage rates of dinucleotides are consistent with reported data on the intensity of the conformational motion of their 5'-deoxyribose. As a measure of local conformational dynamics, cleavage rates may be useful for characterizing functional regions of the genome.