PURPOSE: To assess whether body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, and socioeconomic status in adolescence and early adulthood are independently related to the metabolic syndrome in adult women and men. METHODS: We based our work on a Swedish prospective cohort study that recruited participants at 16 years of age (N = 1083 at age 16; 403 women and 429 men at age 43, 78% of those still alive [N = 1071]). Blood pressure (BP) and BMI were assessed when participants were 16 and 21 years of age. At age 43, the metabolic syndrome was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation guidelines. Socioeconomic status (SES) was operationalized by the participant (age 21 and 43) or parent's (age 16) occupational status. Information on smoking, snuff, alcohol, and inactivity was collected at age 43. RESULTS: In women, SES at age 16 was independently related to the risk of metabolic syndrome. In women and men, BMI at age 16 was related to metabolic syndrome but was attenuated by BMI at age 21, which was significant in the final model; in women systolic BP displayed similar patterns. CONCLUSIONS: Our data seem to suggest two independent life course pathways for metabolic syndrome: one metabolic pathway for both women and men operating through BMI (for women also systolic BP) in adolescence and early adulthood, and for women, an apparently independent pathway through adolescent socioeconomic disadvantage.
PURPOSE: To assess whether body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, and socioeconomic status in adolescence and early adulthood are independently related to the metabolic syndrome in adult women and men. METHODS: We based our work on a Swedish prospective cohort study that recruited participants at 16 years of age (N = 1083 at age 16; 403 women and 429 men at age 43, 78% of those still alive [N = 1071]). Blood pressure (BP) and BMI were assessed when participants were 16 and 21 years of age. At age 43, the metabolic syndrome was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation guidelines. Socioeconomic status (SES) was operationalized by the participant (age 21 and 43) or parent's (age 16) occupational status. Information on smoking, snuff, alcohol, and inactivity was collected at age 43. RESULTS: In women, SES at age 16 was independently related to the risk of metabolic syndrome. In women and men, BMI at age 16 was related to metabolic syndrome but was attenuated by BMI at age 21, which was significant in the final model; in women systolic BP displayed similar patterns. CONCLUSIONS: Our data seem to suggest two independent life course pathways for metabolic syndrome: one metabolic pathway for both women and men operating through BMI (for women also systolic BP) in adolescence and early adulthood, and for women, an apparently independent pathway through adolescent socioeconomic disadvantage.
Authors: Claudia A Couto; Claudio L Gelape; Iliana B Doycheva; Jonathan K Kish; Paul Martin; Cynthia Levy Journal: Hepatol Int Date: 2012-12-27 Impact factor: 6.047
Authors: Jian Qiu; Martha A Bosch; Cecilia Meza; Uyen-Vy Navarro; Casey C Nestor; Edward J Wagner; Oline K Rønnekleiv; Martin J Kelly Journal: Endocrinology Date: 2018-02-01 Impact factor: 4.736
Authors: Chantel L Martin; Jennifer B Kane; Gandarvaka L Miles; Allison E Aiello; Kathleen Mullan Harris Journal: Health Place Date: 2019-04-28 Impact factor: 4.078
Authors: Lindsay Fernández-Rhodes; Julia B Ward; Chantel L Martin; Adina Zeki Al Hazzouri; Jacqueline Torres; Penny Gordon-Larsen; Mary N Haan; Allison E Aiello Journal: Ann Epidemiol Date: 2021-07-22 Impact factor: 3.797
Authors: Patrik Wennberg; Per E Gustafsson; David W Dunstan; Maria Wennberg; Anne Hammarström Journal: Diabetes Care Date: 2013-01-22 Impact factor: 19.112