The influence of clinical terminology on self-efficacy for voice.

Self-efficacy is defined as one's belief in one's ability to carry out a specific behavior successfully. The current study's objective is to obtain initial evidence in support of the hypothesis that the terms 'vocal abuse/misuse' have the potential to harm self-efficacy for voice and may impact adherence with therapeutic directives. Teachers with voice problems were exposed to the terms 'abuse/misuse' or 'phonotrauma/muscle tension' as describing the origin of common voice problems. Pre- and post-exposures, subjects completed a Voice Self-Efficacy Questionnaire that was specially designed for the study. Results provide preliminary support for the hypothesis that clinical exposure to 'abuse/misuse' terminology may harm normal increases in self-efficacy for voice that are generally expected following education about medical conditions.