OBJECTIVE: As the rate of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in children is increasing, the number of children with complications of DM, such as retinopathy, will also increase. American Diabetes Association and American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines recommend annual eye exams for children with type 1 DM who are older than 10 years, starting 3-5 years after diagnosis. Adolescents with type 2 DM should have an exam when diagnosed. This study was designed to determine if these guidelines are followed and to determine factors that influence providers to follow them. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We identified all 15- to 20-year-old patients seen in a pediatric diabetes clinic over 6 months. All patients with type 2 DM and those with type 1 DM diagnosed at least 5 years prior were included. Charts were reviewed for 18 months to determine whether patients were referred for an eye exam. Data extracted included demographics, DM type, DM duration, hemoglobin A(1C), and presence of microalbuminuria. RESULTS: Of 80 patients, 28 (35%) were referred for an eye exam. Patients with a longer duration of DM (P=.006) and those with microalbuminuria (P=.02) were more likely to be referred for screening. CONCLUSIONS: As only 35% of the patients in this study were referred for eye exams, patients at risk for retinopathy are missing opportunities for screening and early treatment. With the increasing number of children with type 2 DM, more patients will be at risk for retinopathy and its consequences. Pediatricians and endocrinologists should be educated about referring for annual eye exams.
OBJECTIVE: As the rate of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in children is increasing, the number of children with complications of DM, such as retinopathy, will also increase. American Diabetes Association and American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines recommend annual eye exams for children with type 1 DM who are older than 10 years, starting 3-5 years after diagnosis. Adolescents with type 2 DM should have an exam when diagnosed. This study was designed to determine if these guidelines are followed and to determine factors that influence providers to follow them. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We identified all 15- to 20-year-old patients seen in a pediatric diabetes clinic over 6 months. All patients with type 2 DM and those with type 1 DM diagnosed at least 5 years prior were included. Charts were reviewed for 18 months to determine whether patients were referred for an eye exam. Data extracted included demographics, DM type, DM duration, hemoglobin A(1C), and presence of microalbuminuria. RESULTS: Of 80 patients, 28 (35%) were referred for an eye exam. Patients with a longer duration of DM (P=.006) and those with microalbuminuria (P=.02) were more likely to be referred for screening. CONCLUSIONS: As only 35% of the patients in this study were referred for eye exams, patients at risk for retinopathy are missing opportunities for screening and early treatment. With the increasing number of children with type 2 DM, more patients will be at risk for retinopathy and its consequences. Pediatricians and endocrinologists should be educated about referring for annual eye exams.
Authors: Sophia Y Wang; Chris A Andrews; Thomas W Gardner; Michael Wood; Kanakadurga Singer; Joshua D Stein Journal: JAMA Ophthalmol Date: 2017-05-01 Impact factor: 7.389
Authors: April Y Maa; William J Feuer; C Quentin Davis; Ensa K Pillow; Tara D Brown; Rachel M Caywood; Joel E Chasan; Stephen R Fransen Journal: J Diabetes Complications Date: 2015-12-09 Impact factor: 2.852
Authors: Tyson N Kim; Michael T Aaberg; Patrick Li; Jose R Davila; Malavika Bhaskaranand; Sandeep Bhat; Chaithanya Ramachandra; Kaushal Solanki; Frankie Myers; Clay Reber; Rohan Jalalizadeh; Todd P Margolis; Daniel Fletcher; Yannis M Paulus Journal: Eye (Lond) Date: 2020-04-27 Impact factor: 3.775