BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a major cause of pediatric morbidity in Africa. In addition, HIV-exposed, but uninfected (HEU) infants can comprise a substantial proportion of all infants born in high prevalence countries and may also be a vulnerable group with special health problems. METHODS: A total of 14,110 infants were recruited within 96 hours of birth between November 1996 and January 2000. Rates and causes of sick clinic visits and hospitalizations during infancy were investigated according to infant HIV infection group: infected-intrauterine, infected-intrapartum, postnatally-infected, HEU, and not-exposed (born to HIV-negative mother). RESULTS: A total of 382 infected-intrauterine, 499 infected-intrapartum, 188 postnatally-infected, 2849 HEU, and 9207 not-exposed infants were included in the analysis. Compared with not-exposed infants, HIV-infected infants made 2.8 times more all-cause sick clinic visits and required 13.3 times more hospitalizations; they had 7.2 times more clinic visits and 23.5 times more hospitalizations for lower respiratory tract infection after the neonatal period and were 159.9 times more likely to be hospitalized for malnutrition during the second half of infancy. Compared with not-exposed infants, sick clinic visits were 1.2 times more common among HEU infants, were inversely associated with maternal CD4 cell count, and were significantly higher for all HEU infants except those whose mothers had a CD4 count ≥ 800 cells/μL, which was the mean value of HIV-negative women enrolled in the trial. CONCLUSIONS: Morbidity is extremely high among HIV-infected infants. Compared with not-exposed infants, morbidity is higher among HEU infants and increases with severity of maternal disease, but is significantly higher for all mothers with CD4 cell count <800 cells/μL.
BACKGROUND:Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a major cause of pediatric morbidity in Africa. In addition, HIV-exposed, but uninfected (HEU) infants can comprise a substantial proportion of all infants born in high prevalence countries and may also be a vulnerable group with special health problems. METHODS: A total of 14,110 infants were recruited within 96 hours of birth between November 1996 and January 2000. Rates and causes of sick clinic visits and hospitalizations during infancy were investigated according to infantHIV infection group: infected-intrauterine, infected-intrapartum, postnatally-infected, HEU, and not-exposed (born to HIV-negative mother). RESULTS: A total of 382 infected-intrauterine, 499 infected-intrapartum, 188 postnatally-infected, 2849 HEU, and 9207 not-exposed infants were included in the analysis. Compared with not-exposed infants, HIV-infectedinfants made 2.8 times more all-cause sick clinic visits and required 13.3 times more hospitalizations; they had 7.2 times more clinic visits and 23.5 times more hospitalizations for lower respiratory tract infection after the neonatal period and were 159.9 times more likely to be hospitalized for malnutrition during the second half of infancy. Compared with not-exposed infants, sick clinic visits were 1.2 times more common among HEU infants, were inversely associated with maternal CD4 cell count, and were significantly higher for all HEU infants except those whose mothers had a CD4 count ≥ 800 cells/μL, which was the mean value of HIV-negative women enrolled in the trial. CONCLUSIONS: Morbidity is extremely high among HIV-infectedinfants. Compared with not-exposed infants, morbidity is higher among HEU infants and increases with severity of maternal disease, but is significantly higher for all mothers with CD4 cell count <800 cells/μL.
Authors: Adriana Weinberg; Marisa M Mussi-Pinhata; Qilu Yu; Rachel A Cohen; Volia C Almeida; Fabiana R Amaral; Laura Freimanis; Donald Robert Harris; Christiana Smith; George Siberry Journal: AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses Date: 2018-04-23 Impact factor: 2.205
Authors: Kristina Adachi; Jeffrey D Klausner; Jiahong Xu; Bonnie Ank; Claire C Bristow; Mariza G Morgado; D Heather Watts; Fred Weir; David Persing; Lynne M Mofenson; Valdilea G Veloso; Jose Henrique Pilotto; Esau Joao; Glenda Gray; Gerhard Theron; Breno Santos; Rosana Fonseca; Regis Kreitchmann; Jorge Pinto; Marisa M Mussi-Pinhata; Mariana Ceriotto; Daisy Maria Machado; Yvonne J Bryson; Beatriz Grinsztejn; Francisco I Bastos; George Siberry; Karin Nielsen-Saines Journal: Pediatr Infect Dis J Date: 2016-08 Impact factor: 2.129
Authors: Patricia B Pavlinac; Grace C John-Stewart; Jaqueline M Naulikha; Frankline M Onchiri; Donna M Denno; Elizabeth A Odundo; Benson O Singa; Barbra A Richardson; Judd L Walson Journal: AIDS Date: 2014-09-24 Impact factor: 4.177
Authors: Moses R Kamya; James Kapisi; Victor Bigira; Tamara D Clark; Stephen Kinara; Florence Mwangwa; Mary K Muhindo; Abel Kakuru; Francesca T Aweeka; Liusheng Huang; Prasanna Jagannathan; Jane Achan; Diane V Havlir; Philip J Rosenthal; Grant Dorsey Journal: AIDS Date: 2014-11-28 Impact factor: 4.177
Authors: Myron J Levin; Jane C Lindsey; Susan S Kaplan; Werner Schimana; Jody Lawrence; Monica M McNeal; Mutsa Bwakura-Dangarembizi; Anthony Ogwu; Evans M Mpabalwani; Paul Sato; George Siberry; Margaret Nelson; Darcy Hille; Geoffrey A Weinberg; Adriana Weinberg Journal: AIDS Date: 2017-01-02 Impact factor: 4.177
Authors: Anna Lartey; Grace S Marquis; Robert Mazur; Rafael Perez-Escamilla; Lucy Brakohiapa; William Ampofo; Daniel Sellen; Seth Adu-Afarwuah Journal: Matern Child Nutr Date: 2012-08-20 Impact factor: 3.092